From 202249065856b5e185d81bd945801d2e363fc871 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dado Date: Thu, 19 Jun 2025 21:22:18 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] dns tools --- networking/027-dns-tools.md | 98 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+) create mode 100644 networking/027-dns-tools.md diff --git a/networking/027-dns-tools.md b/networking/027-dns-tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..513630a --- /dev/null +++ b/networking/027-dns-tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +# DNS Tools + +`dig` e `nslookup` sono strumenti di rete utilizzati per interrogare i server DNS. `dig` fornisce informazioni dettagliate e formattate sulle query DNS, mentre `nslookup` è un'interfaccia più semplice e interattiva per ottenere informazioni sui nomi di dominio. Entrambi sono utili per diagnosticare problemi di risoluzione dei nomi e per ottenere dettagli su record DNS specifici. + +## nslookup + +```bash +nslookup novemila.org +Server: 192.168.0.1 ## Server DNS locale, in questo casso il default gateway +Address: 192.168.0.1#53 + +Non-authoritative answer: ## Le risposte non provengono da un server autoritativo +Name: novemila.org +Address: 95.111.234.107 ## Record di tipo A +``` + +Una reverse lookup: + +```bash +nslookup 95.111.234.107 +;; Got recursion not available from 194.242.2.9, trying next server +107.234.111.95.in-addr.arpa name = vmi1757309.contaboserver.net. ## Record di tipo PTR, che associano un IP a un hostname + +Authoritative answers can be found from: +``` + +Infine, é possibile impostare il tipo di RR da richiedere: + +```bash +nslookup -query=A continuity.space +Server: 192.168.0.1 +Address: 192.168.0.1#53 + +Non-authoritative answer: +Name: continuity.space +Address: 92.245.188.161 + +nslookup -query=MX continuity.space +Server: 192.168.0.1 +Address: 192.168.0.1#53 + +Non-authoritative answer: +continuity.space mail exchanger = 1 mailgate.continuity.srl. + +Authoritative answers can be found from: +``` + +## dig + +```bash +dig @1.1.1.1 continuity.space MX + +; <<>> DiG 9.20.9-2-Debian <<>> @1.1.1.1 continuity.space MX +; (1 server found) +;; global options: +cmd +;; Got answer: +;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64794 +;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 + +;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: +; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232 +;; QUESTION SECTION: +;continuity.space. IN MX + +;; ANSWER SECTION: +continuity.space. 900 IN MX 1 mailgate.continuity.srl. + +;; Query time: 103 msec +;; SERVER: 1.1.1.1#53(1.1.1.1) (UDP) +;; WHEN: Thu Jun 19 21:17:40 CEST 2025 +;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 84 +``` + +Oppure, per richiedere un RR SOA: + +```bash +dig @1.1.1.1 continuity.space SOA + +; <<>> DiG 9.20.9-2-Debian <<>> @1.1.1.1 continuity.space SOA +; (1 server found) +;; global options: +cmd +;; Got answer: +;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 1072 +;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 + +;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: +; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232 +;; QUESTION SECTION: +;continuity.space. IN SOA + +;; ANSWER SECTION: +continuity.space. 900 IN SOA dns17.ovh.net. tech.ovh.net. 2025053000 86400 3600 3600000 300 + +;; Query time: 64 msec +;; SERVER: 1.1.1.1#53(1.1.1.1) (UDP) +;; WHEN: Thu Jun 19 21:18:57 CEST 2025 +;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 99 +```